Left-to-right shunts
What the Anesthesiologist Should Know before the Operative Procedure Left-to-right shunt occurs almost exclusively in the setting of ventricular septal defect (VSD), most commonly in neonates and small children. VSD size (combined cross-sectional area in case of multiple VSDs) is the primary determinant of initial pathology and progression of disease in these patients. "Large" VSD…
