Joshua Copel

Fetal Bradycardia 1. What every clinician should know Clinical features Fetal arrhythmias affect over 2% of pregnancies and include irregularities of the cardiac rhythm, rate or a combination of both. Fetal bradycardia is defined as a sustained fetal heart rate less than 110 beats per minute. Once fetal bradycardia is noted, a quick ultrasound examination…