Incidence and mortality rates for major genitourinary cancers differ according to sex, race/ethnicity, and geographic region, according to US data published in the journal European Urology.
Researchers evaluated the age-adjusted incidence of 4 genitourinary cancers during 2015-2019 and the age adjusted mortality rates for these cancers during 2016-2020. The team used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, the US Cancer Statistics database, and the National Center for Health Statistics.
The data showed that men were more likely than women to develop bladder or kidney cancer.
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For women and men, the incidence of bladder cancer was highest in non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals. The incidence of kidney cancer was highest for American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) individuals. The incidence of prostate cancer was highest in non-Hispanic Black (NHB) men, and the incidence of testicular cancer was highest in AIAN men.
Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) individuals had the lowest incidence for all cancers except testicular cancer.
|
Average Annual Age-Standardized Incidence of GU Cancers (Per 100,000 Persons) |
||||||
|
All Races |
NHW |
NHB |
AIAN |
AAPI |
Hispanic |
|
|
Bladder Cancer in Men |
32.9 |
39.3 |
19.3 |
23.8 |
15.8 |
17.9 |
|
Bladder Cancer in Women |
8.2 |
9.7 |
6.3 |
6.2 |
3.6 |
4.9 |
|
Kidney Cancer in Men |
24.0 |
24.7 |
26.7 |
38.6 |
12.6 |
24.6 |
|
Kidney Cancer in Women |
12.1 |
12.1 |
13.5 |
19.8 |
6.0 |
14.1 |
|
Prostate Cancer |
115.8 |
114.6 |
192.4 |
78.5 |
63.4 |
92.3 |
|
Testicular Cancer |
6.0 |
7.5 |
1.6 |
8.8 |
2.3 |
5.8 |
Incidence and mortality trends were similar. Mortality rates for bladder and kidney cancer were higher in men than in women. NHW men and women had the highest mortality rates for kidney cancer. NHW men and NHB women had the highest mortality rates for bladder cancer.
NHB men had the highest mortality rate for prostate cancer. For testicular cancer, NHW and Hispanic men were tied for the highest mortality rate. AIAN individuals were excluded from the mortality analysis due to racial misclassification.
|
Average Annual Age-Standardized Death Rates (Per 100,000 Persons)* |
|||||
|
All Races |
NHW |
NHB |
AAPI |
Hispanic |
|
|
Bladder Cancer in Men |
7.1 |
7.9 |
5.2 |
2.8 |
3.8 |
|
Bladder Cancer in Women |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
|
Kidney Cancer in Men |
5.1 |
5.3 |
5.2 |
2.4 |
4.8 |
|
Kidney Cancer in Women |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
1.0 |
2.1 |
|
Prostate Cancer |
18.8 |
17.8 |
37.5 |
8.6 |
15.3 |
|
Testicular Cancer |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
|
*Mortality data for AIAN individuals were excluded due to misclassification. |
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The researchers also looked at geographic differences in incidence and mortality for these cancers but only in NHWs.
The highest incidence rates for bladder cancer were seen in the Northeast, but mortality rates for bladder cancer were high in the Southwest and Hawaii.
The incidence of kidney cancer was high in Appalachia and parts of the South. Mortality patterns for kidney cancer were similar.
The highest incidence rates for prostate cancer were seen in the North and parts of the Southeast, but the highest prostate cancer mortality rates were seen in the West.
“[W]e found persistent sociodemographic disparities and unfavorable incidence and/or mortality trends for the four major genitourinary cancers in the USA,” the researchers wrote. “Further research is needed to elucidate the reasons for these patterns for planning interventions to halt the rising burden of genitourinary cancers and mitigate the sociodemographic disparities.”
Reference
Schafer EJ, Jemal A, Wiese D, et al. Disparities and trends in genitourinary cancer incidence and mortality in the USA. Eur Urol. Published online December 21, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2022.11.023
