| RISK FACTORS FOR OVERACTIVE BLADDER AND URINARY INCONTINENCE | ||
|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | |
| Age | Prevalence of OAB with urge incontinence increased with age from 0.3% to 8.9% in men, with a marked increase after 64yrs of age. In men 65yrs of age and older, the prevalence increased to 8.2% (65–74yrs) and 10.2% (≥75yrs) [NOBLE study]. | Prevalence of OAB with urge incontinence increased with age from 2% (18–24yrs) to 19.1% (65–74yrs) in women, with a marked increase after 44yrs of age [NOBLE study]. |
| Chronic medical conditions |
MS, spinal cord injury, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, dementia, impaired mobility, UTIs, smoking and obesity may cause bladder symptoms. | Same for women. |
| Medications | Diuretics, antidepressants, alpha-agonists, beta-antagonists, sedatives, anti-cholinergics, ACE inhibitors, alpha antagonists, calcium channel blockers, NSAIDs and other analgesics can all cause urinary tract symptoms. | Same for women. |
| Menopause and estrogen depletion |
N/A | Menopause has been associated with a decrease in urethralmucosa vascularity and thickness, as a result of diminished estrogen production. |
| Pelvic surgery | Incontinence has been seen in men following surgical treatment for prostate cancer. | Hysterectomy may increase a woman’s risk of incontinence. |
| Pregnancy and childbirth |
N/A | Pregnancy and vaginal childbirth increase the risk of incontinence. Post-childbirth incontinence has been associated with the use of forceps, vacuum extraction, episiotomy, and pudendal anesthesia. |
| Prostate-related conditions |
BPH, and prostatic obstruction secondary to BPH. Prostate cancer may also cause symptoms. | N/A |
| Race | The prevalence of OAB is 33.3% in African American (AA) men, 28% in Hispanic, 27% in Asian, and 26.3% in white men (EpiLUTS study). Similar trends were seen from the OAB-POLL study, with the highest prevalence in AA men (20.2%) compared to Hispanic (18.1%) or white (14.6%) men. | The prevalence of OAB is 45.9% in AA women, 43.4% in white, 42% in Hispanic, and 26.6% in Asian women (EpiLUTS study). Data from the OAB-POLL study showed a prevalence of 32.6% in AA women compared to 29.4% in white and 29% in Hispanic women. NHANES data on UI supports that AA women report the highest prevalence of urge-UI (11%) over white (7.5%) and Mexican-American (7.5%) women. |
| NOTES | ||
|
Key: AA = African-American; EpiLUTS = Epidemiology of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms; MS = multiple sclerosis; NOBLE = National Overactive Bladder Evaluation; OAB = overactive bladder; UI = urinary incontinence; UTIs = urinary tract infections |
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| REFERENCES | ||
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1) Milsom I, Stewart W, Thuroff J. The Prevalence of Overactive Bladder. American Journal of Managed Care. 2000 Jul; 6 (11 suppl) S565-73. 2) Newman DK. Managing and Treating Urinary Incontinence. Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press; 2009. Continue Reading 3) Reynolds WS, Fowke J, Dmochowski R. The Burden of Overactive Bladder on US Public Health; Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep. 2016 Mar; 11(1): 8-13. 4) Stewart WF, Van Rooyen JB, Cundiff GW, et al. Prevalence and Burden of Overactive Bladder in US. World J Urol. (2003) 20:327-336. (Rev. 2/2021) |
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This article originally appeared on MPR
